Cultivo do peixe ornamental molinésia (Poecilia sp) em esgotos domésticos tratados: desempenho zootécnico e avaliação do bem-estar animal / Cultivation of ornamental molly (Poecilia sp) fish in treated sewage: zootechnical performance and animal welfare evaluation

Neste trabalho estudou-se a utilização de esgotos domésticos tratados na criação do peixe ornamental molinésia (Poecilia sp.), observando o desempenho zootécnico e avaliando-se o bem-estar dos peixes cultivados. Foram testados três tratamentos: ET - abastecido com esgoto tratado em lagoas de estabilização; ED - abastecido com esgoto tratado e água de poço diluídos em iguais proporções; AB - abastecido com água de poço. Por meio dos resultados dos parâmetros físico-químicos, observou-se que o esgoto doméstico tratado em lagoas de estabilização oferece condição para se realizar o cultivo da espécie, com melhor desempenho quando diluído em água. Em todos os parâmetros de rendimento zootécnicos avaliados, o tratamento que utilizou o esgoto tratado diluído foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados. Dentre os indicadores de bem-estar observados, apenas a avaliação histopatológica foi capaz de fornecer resultado conclusivo, o qual apontou o tratamento que utilizou esgoto tratado diluído como o que proporcionou maior conforto à espécie cultivada. As características ornamentais dos peixes cultivados não sofreram influência do uso do esgoto doméstico tratado, observando-se que os padrões de coloração e formato de nadadeiras não foram alterados.

This work evaluated the treated sewage reuse in ornamental molly fish creation, evaluating the zootechnical performance and animal welfare. Three treatments were tested: ET - supplied with treated sewage; ED - supplied with sewage and raw water in the same proportion; AB - supplied with raw water. The physical-chemical results indicated that the treated sewage from stabilization ponds was adequate for the species cultivation only when diluted in raw water. Among the welfare indicators, only histopathological evaluation was able to provide conclusive results, which showed that the treated sewage diluted treatment was the best in terms of comfort for the cultivated species. The ornamental characteristics of farmed fish were not influenced by the use of treated sewage, in which the patterns of color and shape of fins were not changed.

Microbicide activity of clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata).

Clove essential oil, used as an antiseptic in oral infections, inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast. The influence of clove essential oil concentration, temperature and organic matter, in the antimicrobial activity of clove essential oil, was studied in this paper, through the determination of bacterial death kinetics. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the microorganisms selected for a biological test. To determine the temperature effect, they were assayed at 21° and 37° C. The concentration coefficient was determined with 0.4%, and 0.2% of essential oil. The influence of the presence of organic matter was determined with 0.4% of essential oil. The results obtained demonstrated that Escherichia coli were more sensitive even though the essential oil exerted a satisfactory action in three cases. In the three microbial species, 0.4% of essential oil at 21° C have reduced the bacterial population in 5 logarithmic orders. Organic matter reduces the antibacterial activity even though the bactericide efficacy was not lost. Clove essential oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for external use.

The CAT scan: an aid in evaluating calcaneal fractures.

Computerized axial tomography (CAT) can provide information unobtainable by the use of standard radiographs, biplanar tomography, xerography, nuclear scanning techniques or ultrasound. In this report the authors will briefly discuss how the CAT scan can be utilized to complement the use of standard radiographs in delineating fractures and associated soft tissue injuries in anatomically complex regions such as the subtalar joint.

Talar neck fractures: a review of vascular supply and classification.

Fractures through the neck of the talus are an infrequent occurrence. Therefore, a periodic review of vascular supply and fracture classification are imperative for the practicing physician. The most severe sequela, avascular necrosis, should also be studied. A thorough review of vascularity, fracture classification, and complications is presented.

Kaposi's sarcoma: a comprehensive review.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm that is usually malignant and occurs in the skin and sometimes in the lymph nodes and internal organs. The cause is unknown, but recently it has become epidemic because of its involvement in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although it is worldwide in distribution, the disease is predominant in eastern Europe, Equitorial Africa, Italy, Russia, and North America.

Tibial sesamoid planing procedure: an appraisal of 26 feet.

The authors present their findings upon evaluation of 26 feet that had undergone a tibial sesamoid planing procedure. A preoperative method of radiographic evaluation is also presented. The subjective success rate was determined to be 88.8%, whereas the objective success rate was 76.9%, and a successful procedure was performed on feet with a first metatarsal declination angle not exceeding 8 degrees. It was also determined that the apparent postoperative changes in the hallux abductus and intermetatarsal angles were 0.73 degrees and 0.6 degrees, respectively. The authors believe this procedure does not significantly alter the biomechanics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint postoperatively.